Na: Tom Ndahiro
Ku itariki ya 3 Mata 1994 ntiwari umunsi usanzwe ku banyarwanda benshi, niba atari bose. Wari umunsi mukuru ku isi yose hari abakirisitu, kandi mu Rwanda hakaba benshi.
Wari umunsi w’ibyishimo n’umunezero kuko hari kuri Pasika. Umunsi abakirisitu bizihiza izuka rya Yesu, n’abatari bo bakifatanya n’abemera kwishimira icyo abandi bishimira.
Uwo munsi ariko ni umunsi utazibagirana kuko nibwo radiyo RTLM yaciye amarenga y’uko hari ikintu gikomeye cyari kigiye kuba.
Hari mu masaha ya mu gitondo ubwo iyo radiyo yatangazaga ko hari “akantu” kari kagiye kuzaba muri Kigali mu matariki 3, 4 na 5 Mata agasimbuka iya 6 akavuga ko nyuma y’ako kantu ibintu bizakomera ku wa 7 n’8 Mata.
Iyo radiyo ibwira abayumva ko hashobora kuzumvikana urusaku rw’amasasu n’amagrenade ngo bakizera ko ingabo z’igihugu zizaba ziri maso. Iyo tariki ya basimbukaga nibwo Perezida Juvenal Habyarimana n’abo bari kumwe bishwe jenoside iratangira.
Ako kantu bakavugaga nk’aho kazakorwa n’abandi, ariko aribo bazi ko kazakorwa, n’ibizakurikiraho. Ubwo bukaba ari uburyo abajenosideri bakoresheje bwo gutwerera abazakorerwa icyaha ibizabakorerwa.
Byabaye mahire ayo majwi turayafata jye na mugenzi wanjye Faustin Kagame.
Ntiyari amarenga asanzwe. Izo nterahamwe zo muri RTLM zivugaga ibigwi by’ishyano ryategurwaga rigakorwa mu gihe gito. Kuwa 29 Werurwe 1994, umugambi wo kuyogoza igihugu wari wanogejwe. Soma: Imyiteguro ya jenoside i Kigali yanogejwe kuwa 29 Werurwe 1994
Misa ya Pasika
Mu cyumba cyari aho Inteko Ishinga Amategeko umutwe wa Sena ukorera kuri iyo tariki habereye misa yakurikiwe n’ibirori byiza byuzuye ubusabane.
Ni misa yasomwe na Padiri Gerard Ngendahayo wari waje avuye i Cyangugu, ari naho akomoka. Abaririmbyi muri iyo misa bari abasirikare b’abakirisitu.
Jenoside itangiye Padiri Ngendahayo ari mu ba mbere bagize amahirwe bagahunga banyuze mu Kivu bagana i Bukavu. Padiri yahungiye muri Canada, ho akiba na n’ubu.
Ubu ndeba amafoto y’abari baje kwifatanya natwe mu misa ngasanga mbarwa aribo barokotse jenoside.
Kureba ayo mafoto no kwibuka ko abari baje muri iyo misa (batari abasirikare n’abanyapolitiki b’Inkotanyi) bitera agahinda kuko nibwo wumva uburemere bw’akantu kavuzwe na RTLM.
Ako kantu bavugaga niko twibuka uyu mwaka. Ni jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi.
Kwigamba jenoside byatangiye kera
Ku wa 22 Ugushyingo 1992, Leon Mugesera yahishuye umugambi wo kuzatsemba Abatutsi awushishikariza abantu. Abategetsi baratunguwe bituma Minisitiri w’Ubutabera yandikira Porokireri Jenerari w’icyo gihe gukurikirana Mugesera kubera ibyo yavugiye muri mitingi ya MRND yo ku Kabaya.
Iyo baruwa yo ku itariki 25 Ugushyingo yari ifite No 031/05.00/cab yarakaje abakoranaga na Leon Mugesera mucyo bise “Komite Mpuzabitekerezo”. Iyo baruwa yageze muri minisiteri ku wa 28 Ugushyingo.
Abahagarariye iyo komite barasizoye bandikira Minisitiri w’Ubutabera bamwihenuraho banamubwiza ukuri ku migambi ihari. Kuba uwo mu Minisitiri yarasabye ko Mugesera akurikiranwa n’ubutabera, bo babyise “Itotezwa” rye n’irya komite yabo.
Iyo baruwa yasinywe n’abantu bigaragaje ko baterwa ishema no kuba abajenosideri. Mu mvugo yabo banze kubihisha barerura byo guca amazimwe.
Abasinye urwo rwandiko ni NDANGALI Christophe, MUKAKAYANGE Anne-Marie, IBAMBASI Antoine, LIBANJE Felicien, NYAMWIGENDAHO Charles na RUSHEMEZA Thomas.
Mugesera inzirakarengane
Muri iyo baruwa bandika mu buryo busa n’umwanzuro w’urubanza, banditse ko basanze kuba gushinja Leon Mugesera “kuba arwanya ibyitso” bitari bikwiriye ngo kuko “amashyaka menshi ahora aririmba ko ibyitso tugomba kubitsemba”. Iyo -tu- bayikoreshaga bishyira mu “kubitsemba”, inshinga isobanura byose.
Mu mvugo yari imenyerewe kuko yakoreshwaga kenshi, yaranemewe, “Ibyitso”, “Inyenzi” “Umwanzi”… byasobanuraga Umututsi.
Gukora jenoside ni icyemezo cyari cyarafashwe kera kandi kivugwa ku mugaragaro. Kuririmba barabikoraga koko. Muri Kigali byarakorwaga ku manywa.
Iyo komite yabwiye Minisitiri ko yatangajwe no gukurikirana Mugesera kandi umuco wo kudahana abashishikariza abantu kwanga Abatutsi byasaga n’ibyemewe.
Bati: “Tumaze kubona ko ayo mashyaka yanga ibyitso ntacyo mwigeze muyatwara kugeza ubu”. Basobanurira minisitiri ko abashaka kurimbura Abatutsi ari “Abakunda u Rwanda”.
CDR n’ibitangazamakuru byabo barabikoraga. Kuba batarahanwe bituma bashyokerwa.
Nyuma y’ibi abanditse basanze: “Mugesera Leon atazira ibyo yaba yaravuze, kuko bibaye ibyo haba harakurikiranywe benshi, cyane cyane abahora baririmba muri za mitingi ngo ibyitso bigomba gutemwa.”
Hejuru y’inshinga “gutsemba” hajemo n’iyo gutema. Mugesera yari yarakoresheje “gukegegeta” amajosi.
Abo bajenosideri bandikiye minisitiri ko basanga ibyo Mugesera yavugiye ku Kabaya yarabikoze avugira “rubanda”, bagira bati: “Icyemezo cyanyu kidasheshwe cyakurura umwuka mubi mu gihugu kubera ko rubanda batakwihanganira itotezwa ry’ubavugira”.
Banabwiye uwo bandikira ko agomba kuba ashyigikiye ibyitso niba yarababajwe “n’uko Mugesera Leon arwanya ibyitso”.
Banamusabye ko yareka gutoteza abemera ibyo Mugesera yatangarije ku Kabaya kubera ko bo “bagamije guhuza umukozi n’umukoresha no kurengera ubusugire bw’ubutegetsi bwite bwa Leta”.
Abakoraga propaganda y’urwango nibo bari abahuza hagati y’umuturage washishikarizwaga kuba umwicanyi (umukozi) n’umukoresha ari we leta yari yarateguye umugambi wa jenoside.
Abandikaga ibi bakaba barafataga impu zombi. Bari abahuza bakaba n’abakoresha. Ba jenoside. Ni ho n’izina “MPUZABITEKEREZO” ryakomotse. No gutsemba Abatutsi bikitwa “GUKORA”.
Bashoje ibaruwa yabo basaba uwo Minisitiri w’Ubutabera, Stanislas Mbonampeka, kumenyesha “Abanyarwanda bose imyifatire udashyigikiye ibyitso agomba kugira muri iki gihe cy’intambara, kugira ngo rubanda rutazashirira mu buroko bazira kuvuga ku mugaragaro ko barwanya ibyitso.”
Kudashyigikira “ibyitso” byavugaga kwanga Abatutsi nkuko itegeko rya 8 mu mategeko 10 ya Kangura ryategekaga ko ntawe ukwiye kubagirira impuhwe.
Jenoside yategurwaga kandi yaje gushyirwa mu bikorwa ni yo ntambara barimo. Ikibazo kikaba uburyo kubiba urwo rwango ku mugaragaro babikora batabangamiwe n’amategeko.
Itegeko rya 10 mu ya Kangura, rivuga ko buri Muhutu wese agomba gukwirakwiza yivuye inyuma iyi ngengabitekerezo y’urwango kandi ko ngo Umuhutu wese uzatoteza mugenzi we w’Umuhutu kubera gukwirakwiza no kwigisha iyo ngengabitekerezo, azafatwa nk’umugambanyi.
Gusaba ko Mugesera akurikiranwa, ubikoze ari Umuhutu, byari ubugambanyi. Niko kumubwira ngo ashyigikiye ibyitso.
Gukwiza urwango ntibyari icyaha
U Rwanda rwari rumaze imyaka rwigisha kandi rwamamaza urwango ku batutsi. Nyuma y’amezi make na Mbonampeka yanze gukomeza kuba “umugambanyi” atangira kuyoboka abatari abagambanyi.
Ni mahire ko ubu Leon Mugesera ari imbere y’ubutabera nyuma y’aho igihugu cya Canada kimugaruriye kubera kwanga kumushyira mu mubare w’abatuye igihugu cyabo.
Nyuma y’iyo baruwa ya minisitiri isaba ubushinjacyaha ko MUGESERA afatwa, ntiyigeze afatwa kandi biragaragara ko yakomeje kuba mu Rwanda kugeze igihe ahungiye ubutabera.
Mugesera yakomeje gufatwa nk’umwe mubagize Komite ya Perefegitura ya MRND kugeza muri Werurwe 1993. Yaba yari ahari cyangwa adahari.
Hari inama y’abagize iyo komite yabereye ku Gisenyi ku itariki ya 3 Werurwe 1993, yiga ku kibazo cy’umutekano muke muri Kaminuza y’i Mudende. Hari n’ikibazo cyo gusabirwa kwirukanwa kwa burugumesitiri wa Mutura witwa BAKIYE Jean Berchmans nawe wari muri iyo nama.
Mugesera ari mubagombaga kuba bayirimo kuko aho yagombaga gusinya banditse ngo empêche. Nko kuvuga ko yari yabuze gato ahuze.
BANZI Wellars, NGIRABATWARE Augustin, UWILINGIYIMANA Juvénal, GAHIMANO Fabien, AYIRWANDA Martin, NDALIHORANYE Jean Baptiste, NZABAGERAGEZA Charles, HAKIZAYEZU Mathieu, BAGARAGAZA Michel, BALIHE Aloys, MPORANYI Joseph, NYIRABAHUFITE Catherine, SEYOBOKA Damien, HIGANIRO Alphonse, BUTZINGIRI Alphonse, BAKIYE Jean Berchmans, MUGESERA Léon, RUKABUKIRA Ildephonse, UWAMALIYA Régine na NYAGASAZA Mathias.
Benshi muri aba bagize iyi komite bagize uruhare mu mugambi wa jenoside.
Ibyo abajenosideri biyitaga “komite mpuzabitekerezo” bavugaga kandi byumvikana, ni uko kwigisha umugambi wo gutsemba Abatutsi cyari ikintu kitavugirwa ahihishe. Ntikibe n’ikintu cyavugwaga n’abantu bake.
Banasobanuraga ko ababikoraga babikoreraga Leta, bavuga ko bakunda. Kandi ni byo jenoside ni igikorwa cya Leta kuko nta muntu ku giti cye wategura jenoside mu byiciro byayo byose ubutegetsi butabifitemo uruhare.
Ibitekerezo Mugesera yari yavuze bigashyigikirwa n’abajenosideri bamuburaniraga, byaravugwaga cyane. Bamwe bakabivuga nk’amarenga babitsinda, abandi nka CDR bakerura.
Ikigaragara ni uko ababyandikaga mu rwego “MPUZABITEKEREZO” bari abantu bize bagomba gushishikariza umuturage usanzwe kuba igikoresho cyabo.
Benshi mubabikoze bafashe indege bigira mu mahanga. Nk’uyu NDANGALI, MUKAKAYANGE na IBAMBASI baba mu Bubiligi.
Bakingiye ikibaba Mugesera na Ndangali
Ku wa 3 Gashyantare 1993, inama y’abaminisitiri yirukanye NDANGALI Christophe na Leon Mugesera nk’abakozi ba leta. NDANGALI yali DirCab muri Minisiteri y’Amashuri Makuru n’Ubushakashatsi n’Umuco (MINISUPRES).
Leon MUGESERA yirukanywe ali umujyanama muri Minisiteri y’umuryango no guteza imbere Abagore MIFOPROFE. Icyo babirukaniye kikanavugwa ni uruhare rwabo mu bwicanyi bwari bwarabaye muri Mutarama 1993, mu ma perefegitura ya Byumba, Gisenyi na Ruhengeri.
Icyo cyemezo abaminisitiri bari bashinzwe kubishyira mu bikorwa banze kubyubahiriza. Abo ba minisitiri ni Pauline NYIRAMASUHUKO na Callixte NZABONIMANA bo muri MRND. Bombi baje gukora jenoside baranabihanirwa na n’urukiko mpuzamahanga mpanabyaha rukorera Arusha (ICTR).
Byabaye ngombwa ko Dr. NSENGIYAREMYE Dismas, wari Minisitiri w’Intebe icyo gihe yandikira abo baminisitiri bombi abasaba gusobanura impamvu batirukanye MUGESERA na NDANGALI.
Ibyo bisobanuro NSENGIYAREMYE yabibatse mu ibaruwa No 238/02.0 yo ku itariki ya 5 Mata 1993
Icyo gihe MUKAKAYANGE na LIBANJE bari abayobozi bakuru muri za minisiteri. LIBANJE ubu ugomba kuba ari muri Denmark, yari muri MINITRAPE, naho MUKAKAYANGE ari muri MINIPLAN ho yanabaye DirCAB.
MRND igiye gutanga abakandida bagombaga kujya mu nteko ishinga amategeko ya leta y’inzibacyuho yaguye, NDANGALI Christophe yari kuri urwo rutonde rw’abantu b’inkoramutima b’iryo shyaka ryari ryarateguye jenoside.
Aho u Rwanda rwagiriye ibyago ni aho umurozi ahabwa kuyobora uburezi. NDANGALI akagirwa umuyobozi mukuru muri minisiteri ishinzwe kurera n’umuco .
Urwo rutonde rw’abagombaga kuba abadepite ba MRND ruri mu ibaruwa No 128/02.3. yo kuwa 24 Werurwe 1994, Minisitiri w’intebe Madamu Uwilingiyimana Agatha yandikiye Perezida Habyarimana amumenyesha abagombaga kurahira.
Inkoramutima za MRND muri iyo nteko itaragiyeho ni uru: Mathieu NGIRUMPATSE, Laurent SEMANZA, Esdras MPAMO, Adalbert MUHUTU, Venuste GATABAZI, Edouard KAREMERA, Joseph MPORANYI, Joseph NZIRORERA, Christophe NDANGALI, Pierre Celestin RWAGAFILITA na Joseph NTEGEYINTWALI.
MUKAKAYANGE ari mu bantu bagize igitekerezo cyo gushyirwaho kwa RTLM. Bagenzi be mu kuburanira Mugesera, uretse Libanje na Nyamwigendaho, bari abanyamigabane ba RTLM.
MUKAKAYANGE unamusanga ku Urutonde rw’abatoza n’abanyeshuri b’ubugome. Ari LIBANJE na IBAMBASI nabo ni uko. Ibambasi akaba muramu wa Seraphin Rwabukumba (musaza wa Agatha Kanziga) n’inshuti magara y’umujenosideri Higaniro Alphonse.
Indunduro
Mu ijoro ryo ku itariki ya 4 Mata 1994, muri Hotel Merdien hari habereye Cocktail yitabiriwe n’abayobozi ba leta na MINUAR. Muri abo harimo Jacques Roger Boo-Booh na Gen. Romeo Dallaire.
Harimo kandi na Col. Theoneste Bagosora wabwiye Col. Luc Marchal wayoboraga ingabo z’Ababiligi muri MINUAR ko kugira ngo u Rwanda rugire amahoro ari uko Abatutsi bakwicwa bagashira.
Bashobora kuba barabifashe nk’amagambo yagiye avugwa kenshi.
Ayo magambo ya Bagosora asa n’ayigeze kuvugwa n’umwe mubagize komite “MPUZABITEKEREZO” ku itariki ya 28 Kamena 1992, muri mitingi ya CDR ku Gisenyi.
Uwo mu CDR/MRND yavuze ko: “Kugirango intambara irangire mu Rwanda ni uko Abatutsi bashira mu gihugu.”
Ayo magambo yavugiwe muri iyo mitingi hashize igihe MRND na CDR bakoze ubwicanyi mu Bugesera.
Kuwa 20 Mata 1992, muri mitingi ya CDR i Nyamirambo, Kigali Perezida wa CDR, Martin BUCYANA, yarigambye ngo: “Muzi ibyo twakoze mu Bugesera.”
Muri iyo mitingi kandi havugirwa ko “Inyenzi-Inkotanyi zateye u Rwanda ari Abatutsi gusa, kandi ibyitso byazo aribo batutsi mu gihugu, bigomba guhumbwahumbwa”.
Iryo Bagosora, CDR na RTLM bavuze guhera mu gicuku kigana iya 7 Mata 1994, ryaratashye. Amaraso y’abatutsi amenwa buzi. Imyaka 20 ubu irashize.
Izi nyandiko ku buhamya bw’amateka ni izigamije kwerekana ukuri kw’ibyabaye no gufasha abatazi ibyabaye kubera ko batari bavuka cyangwa bari bato cyane jenoside itegurwa. Abanyarwanda bato nibo bafite uruhare rw’ibanze mu gukumira icyo cyaha, no kubageza ku ntego ya “NTIBIKABE” cyangwa “NEVER AGAIN”.
Kugirango umenye Imvo n’imvano ya jenoside yabereye mu Rwanda, kurikira Umuhamya w’Amateka (Témoin de l’histoire) ku kuri blog: https://umuvugizi.wordpress.com/
umuvugizi 